SEMESTER VIII

LIST OF ELECTIVES

IN E01 (i)  DAS and PC BASED INSTRUMENTATION

Architecture of 8086/8088, assembly language programming and examples, interrupts, PC motherboard details along with support; devices and serial ports, video interface and GPIB controller, operating system on PC and utility of BIOS and DOS function calls. Interfacing case studies like temperature controllers and data acquisition systems. Data acquisition system I/O filled points utilizing Lab view software, online graphics, simulation software and tools.

References:
1. D. V. Hall :    Microprocessor and Interfacing Techniques        
2. R. Zaks    :    Interfacing Techniques, Sybex Corp. 1983

IN E01(i)P     DAS and PC BASED INSTRUMENTATION LAB
Related Experiments.

IN E01(ii)    OPTOELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION      

Wave guides  and optical fiber: Dielectric slab waveguide, step and graded index optical fiber, structures, fiber parameters, fiber parameters, modes of propagation, signal degradation, fiber jointing, fiber material and manufacturing.

Photo source and detectors: Injection luminescence and light emitting diode (LED), materials, construction, drive security, fundamentals of lasers, Einstein relations, semiconductors lasers- hetrojunctions, the optical resonator laser, characteristic of laser radiation, single mode operation, compound cavity and distributed feedback lasers, photo detectors- PIN and APD, responsivity, response time, detector performance parameters.

Electro-optic effect: EO retardation, amplitude, phase and frequency modulation, beam deflection, acousto-optics, AO devices, non linear optics- second harmonics generation, parametric amplification, oscillation, material prespective.

Fourier optics and holography: Fourier transforming property of lens, image forming property of lens, holography- inline, off Axis, holographic interferometry, holographic storage.

Optical communication system: analog and digital modulation schemes, FO communication system (block diagram), FO local area networks.

Optical fiber sensors: Passive, active multimode FO sensors, phase modulated, polarization modulated, fiber optics gyroscope.

Optical computing: Optical analog computing, digital optical computing, optical interconnects, optical computing  by symbolic substitution, the residue number system.  
            

IN E01(ii)P     OPTOELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION LAB                              
Related Experiments.

IN E01 (iii)      NEURAL and FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL

Introduction and Different Architectures of Neural Networks:  Artificial Neuron - MLP - Backpropagation - Hopfield Network - Kohnen Self organizing maps - Adaptive Resonance.

Neural Networks for Control: Schemes of Neuro-control - identification & control of Dynamics Systems - case study.

Introduction to Fuzzy Logic: Fuzzy sets - Fuzzy Relations - Fuzzy conditional statements - Fuzzy rules - Fuzzy algorithm - Functional diagram.

Fuzzy Logic Control System: Fuzzy logic controller - Fuzzification interface - Knowledge base - Decision making logic - Defuzzification interface - Design of Fuzzy logic controller - Case study.

Neuro-Fuzzy Logic Control: Adaptive fuzzy systems - Optimization of membership function and rule base fuzzy controller using Neural Networks - Fuzzy neuron - Case study.

References:
1. G. J. Klir & T. A. Folger : Fuzzy sets, Uncertainty and Information.
2. Simon Haykin                : Neural Networks.
3. B. Kosco                        : Neural Networks and Fuzzy systems: A Dynamical approach
                                          to Machine Intelligence.
4. J. Hertz & Korgh            : Introduction to the Theory of Neural Computation

IN E01 (iii) P     NEURAL and FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL LAB
Related experiments.

IN E02(i)      PLC AND AUTOMATION

Introduction: About PLC, history of PLC,  introduction of PLC in manufacturing unit, PLC versus computer, Basic PLC components, basic operation of PLC system.

PLC Hardware: PLC hardware components- input/output modules,  processors, power supply,  programming devices, memory organization- AB memory organization, logical addressing.

PLC programming- Ladder logic diagram, instructions of ladder programming-relay type instruction, logical instruction, program control instruction. Timers and counters-introduction to timers and counters, types of timers and counters, timers and counters instruction,  PLC sequencer and shift registers-sequencer, synchronous and asynchronous shift register, sequencer instruction.

PLC communication: types of communication- serial communication, industrial communication network, industrial I/O networks, different type of network communication protocol.

References:
1. NIIT     : Programmable logic control, principal & applications

IN E02(i)P    PLC AND AUTOMATION LAB
Related Experiments.

IN E03    ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEMS

Basic Problem Solving Methods: Production systems - State space search - Control strategies - Heuristic search - Forward and backward reasoning - Hill Climbing techniques - Breadth first search - Depth first search - Best search - Staged search.

Knowledge Representation: Predicate logic - Resolution question answering - Nonmonotic reasoning - Stastical and probalistic reasoning - Fuzzy logic - Semantic Nets - Conceptual dependency - Frames - Scripts.

AI Application: Neural Networks - Natural language understanding - speech recognition and understanding - Learning - perception - AI robotics, satellite imaging and medical diagnosis.

Introduction to Expert Systems: Structure of an expert system - interaction with an expert - Design of an expert system.

References:
1. E. Rich & K. Knight                                       : Artificial Intelligence
2. N. J. Nilsson                                                : Principles of Artificial Intelligence
3. A. Barr, E. A. Fergenbaumand & P. R. Cohen : Artificial Intelligence
4. D. A.Waterman                                            : A guide to Expert System.

IN E03P    ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEMS
Related experiments.

IN E02(iii)     VISUAL PROGRAMMING

C and C++ foundations data control, writing and using functions. Arrays, pointers, I/O structures. Unions and miscellanary.  Advanced C and C++ programming techniques.

Introduction to object oriented programming. C++ classes, I/O, working in object oriented environment. Generic concepts and tools for windows. Procedure oriented development – 16 bit applications. Object oriented development – foundation class library.

Windows 95 and Windows NT programming techniques.

References:
1. Murray et. al. : The Visual C++ Handbook, Osborne McGraw Hill


IN E02P(iii) VISUAL PROGRAMMING LAB
Related experiments.

IN E03  (i)    RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING

Energy sources and their availability- conventional and renewable energy sources, prospects of renewable energy. Energy conservation and energy audit.

Solar Energy- Solar radiation and its measurement, solar constant, solar radiation at earth's surface, solar radiation geometry, estimation of average solar radiation, solar radiation at tilted surfaces. Photothermal conversion- Physical principles of solar radiation into heat, solar energy collectors- flat plate and focusing type, energy balance equation and collector efficiency, Selective absorbing coatings. Useful heat gained by collector fluid. Solar energy storage systems- solar ponds and extraction of thermal energy. Applications of photothermal energy- in agriculture, distillation, pumping cooking, green houses, hydrogen production, etc. Solar photovoltaics- Principle and materials, solar cells, their combination, storage of photovoltaic energy.

Wind Energy- Nature of wind, power of wind, forces on rotor blades, wind energy conversion, energy estimation, site selection considerations, basic components of wind energy conversion system, types of wind machines- horizontal axial and vertical axial machines, aerodynamic forces acting on blades, scheme of electricity generation, generator control, load control, energy storage, applications of wind energy.

Energy from Biomass- biomass conversion technologies- wet and dry processes, photosynthesis, biogas plants, fuel properties of biogas, thermal gasification of biomass.

Geothermal energy- nature of geothermal fields, geothermal sources, energy estimation, application of geothermal energy, materials selection for geothermal power plants.
 
Ocean energy- Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC)- open cycle and close cycle OTEC, site selection, energy utilization, energy from tides, components of tidal power plants, Ocean wave energy- Energy conversion devices. Mini and micro hydle- Components, turbine and generators for small scale hydle, protection, control and management of equipments.

Chemical energy sources- Fuel cells, design and principle, types, conversion efficiency, types of electrodes, work output and EMF of fuel cells. Batteries- basic theory, types, characteristics, different batteries arrangements. Hydrogen energy- methods of hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, hydrogen as an alternative fuel, safety and management.

References:
1. G. D. Rai : Non- conventional sources of energy, Khanna Publishers, Delhi.

IN E03(i)P    RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING LAB
Related experiments.

IN E03(ii)  EMBEDDED CONTROLLERS & APPLICATIONS

Architecture of 8/16 bit microcontrollers, assembly language programming and hardware interfacing techniques, introduction to development tools like cross-assemblers, simulators, HLL cross-compilers and ICE for system development. Introduction to advanced embedded with built in multi channel A/C PWM, watch dog timer and its applications.

References:
1. John B. Peatman : Design with Microcontrollers, TMH
2. Intel                   : 8 Bit Embedded Controller Hand Book
3. Intel                   : 16 Bit Embedded Controller Hand Book

IN E03(ii)P EMBEDDED CONTROLLERS and APPLICATIONS LAB
Related experiments.

IN E03(iii)  VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION
Virtual Instrumentation: Historical perspective, advantages, block diagram and architecture of a virtual instrument, data-flow techniques, graphical programming in data flow, comparison with conventional programming. Development of Virtual Instrument using GUI, Real-time systems, Embedded Controller, OPC, HMI / SCADA software, Active X programming.

VI programming techniques: VIS and sub-VIS, loops and charts, arrays, clusters and graphs, case and sequence structures, formula nodes, local and global variables, string and file I/O,Instrument Drivers, Publishing measurement data in the web.

Data acquisition basics: Introduction to data acquisition on PC, Sampling fundamentals, Input/Output techniques and buses. ADC, DAC, Digital I/O, counters and timers, DMA, Software and hardware installation, Calibration, Resolution, Data acquisition interface requirements.VI Chassis requirements. Common Instrument Interfaces: Current loop, RS 232C/RS485,GPIB.

Bus Interfaces: USB, PCMCIA, VXI, SCSI, PCI, PXI, Firewire. PXI system controllers, Ethernet control of PXI. Networking basics for office & Industrial applications, VISA and IVI. VI toolsets, Distributed I/O modules.

Application of Virtual Instrumentation: Instrument Control,Development of process database management system, Simulation of systems using VI, Development of Control system, Industrial Communication, Image acquisition and processing, Motion control.

References:
1. Gary Johnson             : LabVIEW Graphical Programming
2. Lisa K. wells & Jeffrey Travis : LabVIEW for everyone
3. Kevin James              : PC Interfacing and Data Acquisition: Techniques for Measurement,
                                      Instrumentation and Control

IN E03(iv) P  VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION
Related experiments